This article explores "ghost bugs" in industrial programmable logic controllers (PLC), often caused by race conditions. It explains the mechanism of these errors, their link to the PLC scan cycle, and interactions with HMI/SCADA/interrupt tasks. Practical solutions for TIA Portal (Siemens) are presented to ensure code robustness.
Dive into the behind-the-scenes story of the LockerGoga attack that paralyzed Norwegian Hydro. A tale of industrial chaos, heroic resilience, and crucial lessons for OT cybersecurity.
In-depth analysis of the best industrial cybersecurity (OT) solutions to secure SCADA systems, automation, and critical infrastructure from modern threats.
Delve into the heart of the story of Stuxnet, the first malware designed as a physical weapon, and discover how it revolutionized the security of operational technology (OT) systems.
In-depth exploration of the synergy between Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) and the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). Discover why PLCs remain the cornerstone of real-time control, ensuring reliability and safety in the face of industrial digitization and Industry 4.0 challenges.
In-depth analysis of the surge in ransomware attacks targeting industrial environments. This article explores the IT/OT convergence, inherent vulnerabilities in control systems, economic motivations of cybercriminals, and essential defense strategies compliant with standards like IEC 62443 and the NIST CSF.
This technical article details and compares the four primary programming languages defined by the IEC 61131-3 standard: Ladder Diagram (LD), Structured Text (ST), Function Block Diagram (FBD), and Sequential Function Chart (SFC). It explores their paradigms, advantages, disadvantages, and optimal use cases in industrial automation, integrating cybersecurity considerations (IEC 62443) and demonstrative code snippets.